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Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci ; 31: e79, 2022 Nov 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2106291

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Mental health-related stigma and discrimination are a complex and widespread issue with negative effects on numerous aspects of life of people with lived experience of mental health conditions. Research shows that social contact is the best evidence-based intervention to reduce stigma. Within the context of a rapid development of remote technology, and COVID-19-related restrictions for face-to-face contact, the aim of this paper is to categorise, compare and define indirect social contact (ISC) interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination in mental health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: MEDLINE, Global Health, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched using a strategy including terms related to 'stigma and discrimination', 'intervention', 'indirect social contact', 'mental health' and 'low- and middle-income countries'. Relevant information on ISC interventions was extracted from the included articles, and a quality assessment was conducted. Emerging themes were coded using a thematic synthesis method, and a narrative synthesis was undertaken to present the results. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the review overall. One study was ineffective; this was not considered for the categorisation of interventions, and it was considered separately for the comparison of interventions. Of the eight effective studies included in synthesis, interventions were categorised by content, combination of stigma-reducing strategies, medium of delivery, delivery agents, target condition and population, as well as by active or passive interaction and follow-up. Most of the interventions used education and ISC. Recovery and personal experience were important content components as all studies included either one or both. Cultural adaptation and local relevance were also important considerations. CONCLUSIONS: ISC interventions were effective in overall terms for both the general public and healthcare providers, including medical students. A new definition of ISC interventions in LMICs is proposed. More research and better reporting of intervention details are needed to explore the effectiveness of ISC strategies in LMICs, especially in regions where little relevant research has been conducted.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Mental Disorders , Humans , Developing Countries , Social Stigma , Mental Health , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Disorders/psychology
2.
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering ; 83(3-B):No Pagination Specified, 2022.
Article in English | APA PsycInfo | ID: covidwho-1716827

ABSTRACT

As the prevalence of severe mental illness continues to rise and access to mental health care is scarce, an increasing number of U.S. adults seek treatment in emergency departments. Nurses who triage the severity of a medical emergency may appraise the situation both through the lens of mental illness stigma and the degree of confidence they have to control the outcome. However, the research community knows little about the extent to which attribution and appraisal of control affect nurses' appraisal of stress. The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental, canonical correlational study was to examine the extent to which various combinations of attribution and control predicted different types of appraisals of stress among emergency department nurses treating patients with severe mental illness. Grounded in attribution theory and the cognitive-relational theory of stress and coping, the research was focused on revealing the effect conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings have on anticipatory stress and resulting behavior. The sample included 133 nurses from a large nonprofit Catholic health system in the U.S. Midwest. A canonical correlation analysis examined the multivariate relationships of nurses' appraisal of control and attribution in predicting primary appraisal of stress. The overall canonical correlation was statistically significant, Wilks's LAMBDA = .19, F(33.0, 351.3) = 8.03, p < .001;therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. By developing literacy of mental illness to diminish stigma and equipping clinicians with the tools to confidently and competently feel in control, there is an opportunity for positive social change by minimizing the negative appraisal of threat, thus reducing occupational stress and improving quality of care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

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